Understanding Scope Creep and Its Impact on Projects
Scope creep refers to project expansion beyond initial plans, leading to delays and budget overruns.
What was corrected
Article cited specific survey statistics, database sizes, and studies for real researchers and organizations that, on independent verification, were either entirely unverified or materially understated/misdated.
Replaced the unverified Standish statistic with the organization's real, verifiable CHAOS 2020 methodology and general finding; corrected Flyvbjerg's database size and replaced the unverified percentage with his real, well-documented findings; clarified the Kahneman-Tversky citation to reference both the 1979 and 1992 papers; corrected Pinto's real editorship dates and softened the specific unverified finding to a general characterization of his real framework.
Why this is better
Real organizations and researchers were credited with unverified statistics, understated figures, or misdated affiliations - the same fabrication pattern found across this batch of legacy articles.