Key Decision-Making Terms People Misuse
Risk vs uncertainty: Risk has known probabilities, uncertainty doesn't. Heuristics are mental shortcuts, biases are systematic errors.
What was corrected
Article conflated two distinct causal inference frameworks into a false unified checklist and overstated their alignment with a single evidentiary gold standard.
Separated the two frameworks, described Hill's criteria as informal non-exhaustive guidelines, described Pearl's causal calculus as a separate formal framework for causal identification including from observational data, and broadened 'gold standard' to acknowledge quasi-experimental and observational methods.
Why this is better
This finding was originally identified by Codex's fact-check pass; independent verification confirmed the misstatement on all three points before correction.