What Is Ethical Decision Making?

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Correction history

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1. 28 July 2026 · corrected by Emir Baycan

   Corrected three attribution and framing issues: noted the 'we are what we repeatedly do' quotation is a paraphrase by Will Durant (1926) summarizing Aristotle rather than a direct Aristotle quotation; distinguished Klein's Sources of Power (1999), which laid groundwork on naturalistic decision-making, from his later 2007 Harvard Business Review pre-mortem technique and the 1989 Mitchell/Russo/Pennington academic study it draws on; and qualified the Challenger claim that 'political pressure from the White House was evident,' noting the Rogers Commission did not establish direct White House pressure on the specific launch decision, with the clearest documented pressure being internal to NASA and its contractors.

   Before

   The article attributed the habit-quotation directly to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, credited Klein's 1999 Sources of Power with the pre-mortem finding, and stated White House political pressure was evident in the Challenger launch decision.

   After

   Corrected the quotation's attribution, separated Klein's 1999 book from his later pre-mortem work and its 1989 academic basis, and qualified the Challenger White House claim to what the Rogers Commission actually established.

   Why: The quotation is commonly misattributed, the pre-mortem timeline had been conflated, and the White House claim is a widely repeated but not commission-verified detail. Corrections fix the attribution and timeline and qualify the disputed claim rather than adding new sources.

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Full contribution timeline

1. Correction 28 July 2026

   Emir Baycan: Corrected three attribution and framing issues: noted the 'we are what we repeatedly do' quotation is a paraphrase by Will Durant (1926) summarizing Aristotle rather than a direct Aristotle quotation; distinguished Klein's Sources of Power (1999), which laid groundwork on naturalistic decision-making, from his later 2007 Harvard Business Review pre-mortem technique and the 1989 Mitchell/Russo/Pennington academic study it draws on; and qualified the Challenger claim that 'political pressure from the White House was evident,' noting the Rogers Commission did not establish direct White House pressure on the specific launch decision, with the clearest documented pressure being internal to NASA and its contractors.

   Proof record →