What Is Decision Making Under Uncertainty?

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Correction history

Every accepted correction to this page is recorded with the exact change, so readers can see how the page improved over time.

1. 28 July 2026 · corrected by Emir Baycan

   Generalized two unverifiable specific citations: reframed a McKinsey 2023 cloud-migration cost-of-delay figure as an industry-analysis pattern rather than a precisely cited study; and corrected the description of a Heneghan et al. 2017 Diagnosis paper from a 'systematic review analyzing 41 GPs using think-aloud protocols' (reviews synthesize existing studies rather than running new protocols) to research in that tradition, and softened the precise '3.4 hypotheses / less than 2' figures to an illustrative rather than universal finding. The Bloom, Bond, and Van Reenen (2007, Review of Economic Studies) investment-uncertainty study was verified accurate and left in place.

   Before

   The article cited a specific McKinsey 2023 report figure and a Heneghan et al. 2017 'systematic review' that ran primary think-aloud protocols on 41 GPs, finding a precise 3.4-hypotheses average.

   After

   Generalized both citations to what can be verified, correcting the study-design inconsistency (a review analyzing new primary data) and softening the precise figures to illustrative ones.

   Why: Both citations showed signs of fabricated precision: an unverifiable specific report and a methodological inconsistency (a 'review' running new primary protocols). Corrections generalize the claims rather than inventing a corrected source.

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Full contribution timeline

1. Correction 28 July 2026

   Emir Baycan: Generalized two unverifiable specific citations: reframed a McKinsey 2023 cloud-migration cost-of-delay figure as an industry-analysis pattern rather than a precisely cited study; and corrected the description of a Heneghan et al. 2017 Diagnosis paper from a 'systematic review analyzing 41 GPs using think-aloud protocols' (reviews synthesize existing studies rather than running new protocols) to research in that tradition, and softened the precise '3.4 hypotheses / less than 2' figures to an illustrative rather than universal finding. The Bloom, Bond, and Van Reenen (2007, Review of Economic Studies) investment-uncertainty study was verified accurate and left in place.

   Proof record →