Effective Learning Techniques Based on Science
Implement spaced repetition, retrieval practice, and interleaving to enhance learning outcomes.
Page Summary
A comprehensive guide to applying learning science in practice, built on how memory encodes, stores, and retrieves and the forgetting curve. It covers the evidence-based techniques, spaced repetition and the spacing effect, retrieval practice and the testing effect, interleaving, elaboration, dual coding, concrete examples, and desirable difficulties, plus cognitive load theory and the worked-example and expertise-reversal effects, Bloom's taxonomy, metacognition and calibration, transfer of learning, Ericsson's deliberate practice, motivation and self-determination theory, and why people default to ineffective strategies.
Contributions
Every accepted correction to this page is recorded with the exact change, so readers can see how the page improved over time.
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'To teach is to learn twice' is attributed to Joseph Joubert, not Edgar Dale
Before...in ways that solitary study rarely does." - Edgar Dale
After...in ways that solitary study rarely does." - Joseph Joubert
Why: Verified live: the article already correctly attributes the quote to Joseph Joubert. The FAQ does not include this quote or either attribution, so no secondary fix was needed.
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