Cognitive Principles That Shape Decisions

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Correction history

Every accepted correction to this page is recorded with the exact change, so readers can see how the page improved over time.

1. 29 July 2026 · corrected by Emir Baycan

   Corrected 4 citation errors: a fabricated 2011 Virginia Mason Medical Center Journal of Emergency Medicine case study with an invented length-of-stay statistic; a fabricated 2016 Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association evaluation of a VHA clinical decision-support system with an invented 18 percent error-reduction figure; a real 2014 Pat Croskerry paper mischaracterized as an empirical data study when it is a conceptual review; and an inaccurate Wales organ-donation consent-rate statistic (documented sources show roughly 58 percent to 77 percent, or separately 44.4 percent to 64.5 percent, depending on the metric, not the specific 58-to-75 pairing cited).

   Before

   Article cited two entirely fabricated studies with invented statistics for real institutions, mischaracterized a real conceptual paper as an empirical study, and cited an inaccurate specific consent-rate statistic for a real, well-documented policy change.

   After

   Removed the fabricated Virginia Mason and VHA/JAMIA citations while preserving the general, real dynamics they illustrated; corrected the Croskerry citation's framing to accurately describe his real conceptual paper; softened the Wales statistic to avoid citing an unverifiable specific figure while preserving the real, well-documented direction of the change.

   Why: The Thaler and Benartzi Save More Tomorrow citation in the same article verified as real and accurately described.

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Full contribution timeline

1. Correction 29 July 2026

   Emir Baycan: Corrected 4 citation errors: a fabricated 2011 Virginia Mason Medical Center Journal of Emergency Medicine case study with an invented length-of-stay statistic; a fabricated 2016 Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association evaluation of a VHA clinical decision-support system with an invented 18 percent error-reduction figure; a real 2014 Pat Croskerry paper mischaracterized as an empirical data study when it is a conceptual review; and an inaccurate Wales organ-donation consent-rate statistic (documented sources show roughly 58 percent to 77 percent, or separately 44.4 percent to 64.5 percent, depending on the metric, not the specific 58-to-75 pairing cited).

   Proof record →