Why Repetition Alone Does Not Create Knowledge
Repetition alone doesn't create knowledge because it's passive. Re-reading builds familiarity, not understanding. Knowledge requires active retrieval.
What was corrected
Article stated an unconfirmed '84 percent' figure for a real 2009 Karpicke/Butler/Roediger survey finding on rereading as students' primary study strategy (commonly-cited figures elsewhere are lower, around 55-60%) and stated a single '16 percentage points' gain figure for a real McDaniel/Roediger Columbia, Missouri classroom study, when the actual published results were a range of 13-25 percentage points across different quiz conditions. Separately, the article's entire 'Real-World Case Studies' section was unverified: a nonexistent 2021 University of Michigan Medical School study with unverified figures (273 students, 7,000 Anki cards, 14-point Step 1 score difference), a nonexistent 2020 Khan Academy 'Journal of Learning Analytics' study with unverified figures (800,000 students, 3x/15% gains), and a nonexistent 2019 British Journal of Surgery study by real researcher Nicholas Sevdalis with unverified figures (140 trainees, 6.1 vs 9.3 sessions, 78% vs 52% retention) - no such papers exist for any of the three.
The two altered statistics were softened to accurately reflect the real studies' actual range of findings rather than a single specific unconfirmed number. The unverified case-studies section was replaced with accurate content describing the real Roediger-McDaniel Columbia Missouri classroom research program (correct timeline and gain range), Anki's real design and its genuine connection to spaced-retrieval research, and Khan Academy's real mastery-learning design philosophy - without inventing specific studies, institutions, or statistics that don't exist.
Why this is better
This continues the pattern seen throughout this batch: the underlying 'What Research Shows' section citing real, foundational cognitive-science researchers (Roediger, Karpicke, Bjork, Dunlosky, McDaniel) was largely accurate, with only two specific numbers needing softening, while the separate 'Real-World Case Studies' section was unverified wholesale - three institutional studies unverified from nothing, none locatable in any real source.